Search Results
Records 1-61 of 61 records
Item Number: VAS022637 (Record 181315)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Hello, my name is Larry Oswald. That's me in the picture. I was the supply officer of YRBM-16 from April of '68 to February of 1969. This is one of the Hueys on our helicopter pad on top of the barge. That's an M-60 machine gun I'm cradling and notice how we modified it. On the right front of the gun, there's an extra grip attached with some banding material; that way the gun can be picked up and fired from the shoulder and you can stop it from climbing up to the right when you use it. The reason I'm so happy is that this was the day when I had fewer days left in country than I had days in country. I was over half way and feeling short.
Citation: Slide VAS022637, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022637>.
Item Number: VAS022638 (Record 181317)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is a picture of me down on the docks at Vinh Long. This was an interesting picture. I had just arrived. I thought I was the answer to their prayers; I was there to help Lieutenant Junior Grade Bob Pinion and Lieutenant Sherley of the NSA detachment after the offices had been blown up and YR-9 had been damaged. I was there to help them straighten out the supply situation. Notice the shiny gold bar on my cap and the shiny gold pork chop on my left collar. The chief that took this picture then walked up to me, grabbed my hat, ripped off the bar, ripped off the collar insignia, put them down on the peer and stomped them and explained that a sniper might aim for me and miss me and hit him and he'd be a lot more comfortable if I took all that shiny gold off before nighttime.
Citation: Slide VAS022638, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022638>.
Item Number: VAS022639 (Record 181319)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is YRBM-16 seen in probably late July, early August of 1968 in the Bassac River, pointed up river toward Cambodia. At this point, we're about two miles from the Vinh Te Canal, which formed the actual border. For those of who served aboard YRBM-16, also called the Barge, if you were on there before Thanksgiving of '67, you remember her as being white and you remember that there was only one level on the main deck. There was no helicopter pad and there were no living quarters under the helo pad. This is the way we rebuilt her in Sasebo after she was mined. Notice also on the top of the mast, there's a big crow's nest up there. That was an all-volunteer assignment up there because you had to climb the mast. We kept an M-14 loaded with tracers and at night, also a starlight scope and a PRC-10 radio up there so that the observer could start firing tracers if he saw anything. Notice up on the bow too, you'll see a lot of sandbags and in this next picture, you'll see them even better.
Citation: Slide VAS022639, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022639>.
Item Number: VAS022640 (Record 181328)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: You can see the sandbags there. We kept two guys there at all times. They were equipped with M-14 rifles, binoculars, and a Starlight Scope at night. They were there to spot enemy swimmers and floating mines. Because of classified gear, we could take few pictures of the insides. The helicopter pad on top was added in Sasebo. Flight crews lived below the helo pad. On the main deck were officers' bunkrooms and wardroom, and the mess deck, where enlisted men enjoyed 24-hour food service. The rest of the main deck was devoted to repair and maintenance. We could berth and feed 300 men. The insides were air conditioned, and we had unlimited fresh water for bathing and eating.
Citation: Slide VAS022640, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022640>.
Item Number: VAS022641 (Record 181329)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is where I first saw YRBM-16. This is first week of April 1968 in Sasebo, Japan at the Fleet Activities yard. She was mined on Thanksgiving Day of 1967. Seven men died and there was never anything in the papers about this. All you can see sticking up here is the mast and the crow's nest.
Citation: Slide VAS022641, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022641>.
Item Number: VAS022642 (Record 181330)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: She was towed here and then the water was let out of the dry dock. Here, you're on top of the machine shop looking to the port side, and if you'll look closely, you'll see a pedestal mount there for one of our twenty or so 50-caliber machine guns that we had for defending the barge.
Citation: Slide VAS022642, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022642>.
Item Number: VAS022643 (Record 181332)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the inside of the repair area. As you can see, this is a mess. This thing was completely blown out and it was pretty traumatic to go up and work through this thing.
Citation: Slide VAS022643, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022643>.
Item Number: VAS022644 (Record 181335)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This next slide is YRBM-16 sitting in the dry dock and this is another clue to the way she used to be painted. Prior to being towed to Sasebo, she was painted white rather than dark green, and guys that were on there told me that on a night when there was just stars and no moon, you could still see this white thing sitting out in the middle of the river as a big fat target. The area that you see that has the roof blown out and a little bit of white paneling on the right side as you look at it, that was where the machine shop was. The mine went off basically underneath the machine shop. The two smoke stacks that you see all the way to the stern look like two white rectangles. Those are the smoke stacks for the four diesels that drove our generators. This repair took from about January of '68 till June of '68 and then she was towed south to Nha Be in Vietnam where we finished outfitting her. Behind her, you can see the beautiful harbor at Sasebo, Japan.
Citation: Slide VAS022644, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022644>.
Item Number: VAS022645 (Record 181336)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is YRBM-16 at Nha Be. You're on the southern end of the base and you can see a few things in the way we were outfitting her. Along the side between her and the dock, you'll see the pontoon where a wooden building was going up. This was to be the Delta Queen, our entertainment center and beer barge. You'll see more of her in a minute. Close to you on the right is an M-60 machine gun, and the veterans here will notice the little green C-ration can riveted to the side of the gun. This allowed one man to shoot the gun and the ammo to feed upward over the radius of the can rather than riding straight up and taking a 90 degree bend, which usually jammed the gun. Further forward under that white cover is a 50-caliber machine gun. We had about twenty of these at various points to defend ourselves. The white fabric over the gun was called Herculon. It had just come out in '68. It had to be stitched with a special sewing machine and great big needles, but this was the toughest thing we'd ever seen in our whole lives. Nowadays, you can buy sofas and chairs covered with this stuff, but in summer of '68, this was a feather in the supply departments cap for having magically obtained all this Herculean.
Citation: Slide VAS022645, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022645>.
Item Number: VAS022646 (Record 181401)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: We're looking off YRBM-16's stern. The dark pontoon with the white stripe around the edge has two Harbor Master diesel engines. They were our propulsion system for YRBM-16 herself. They worked like outboard motors on a small boat. We could move up and down the Bassac from Chau Doc to Long Xuyen. Our officer-in-charge, Lt. Glenn Shindler, could parallel-park YRBM-16 at night, in the rain. The two boats are Mark II PBRs.
Citation: Slide VAS022646, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022646>.
Item Number: VAS022647 (Record 181406)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is what she looked like from the air. We're more or less to the side here of the Bassac River. Cambodia is to your right about two miles. This is what we look like facing more or less south here. You can see the masthead, and you can see a helicopter above and to the left. That's the weekly mail helicopter from Saigon, and the reason we're up here is to get the Hueys off the flight deck so that H-34 could land with our mail and its critical repair parts. We generally stayed in the center of the river. Here, we're kind of close to one of the banks, but normally we stayed out in the middle. And if you're wondering how close this is to Cambodia, look across the top of the picture and you'll see a fairly straight line of trees, and it looks a little purple beyond that tree line. That's the Vinh Te Canal, which formed the border with Cambodia, and patrolling this at night was about as scary as life ever got. We made contact every night we went up there.
Citation: Slide VAS022647, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022647>.
Item Number: VAS022648 (Record 181407)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the view from the crow's nest on YRBM-16. The line of the left of the picture is a radio antenna, and you'll notice two boats. They are headed back in country from Cambodia and you can see the green area up above that. This is right after the monsoon season, and you can tell that because the water level is right up to the banks of the rivers and the canals.
Citation: Slide VAS022648, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022648>.
Item Number: VAS022649 (Record 181410)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is our beer barge tied alongside. We called her the Delta Queen. You could get two cans of beer here every night. We had stereo music. It was air-conditioned and once we realized we didn't have enough paint for the interior, our Bosun's mates decided that what we would do with interior plywood is to scorch it and seal it very lightly with a blowtorch and this worked quite well. Here's the inside of the Delta Queen.
Citation: Slide VAS022649, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022649>.
Item Number: VAS022650 (Record 181412)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Getting ready for a party here, I don't know. It was probably somebody's birthday party. We could seat about 30 people in here in reasonable comfort.
Citation: Slide VAS022650, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022650>.
Item Number: VAS022651 (Record 181413)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is another view when it wasn't somebody's birthday party. This is a Saturday night steak cookout that was immeasurably good for our morale, and I want to point out a man to you here. He's seated a little to the left of center, has a blonde crew cut. He's sitting down. This was Storekeeper First Class Submarine Services, Richard R. Richards. He was our senior storekeeper, and I have never known a harder working or more conscientious sailor in my entire life. He was the backbone of the logistic efforts onboard YRBM-16, and Richard, if you're out there seeing this someday, my hat's off to you partner. We couldn't have done it without you.
Citation: Slide VAS022651, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022651>.
Item Number: VAS022652 (Record 181416)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the Mess Deck on the inside of YRBM-16. You're on the main deck, port side, and right now you're looking forward toward the galley. You'll notice these guys are looking upward and to your left. That's a little black and white T.V. We had an antenna that went all the way up to the crow's nest, and we could get Saigon and Can Tho Armed Forces television pretty clearly in there at night.
Citation: Slide VAS022652, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022652>.
Item Number: VAS022653 (Record 181419)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is also a shot of the inside of the Mess Deck and the galley. You're up at the other end now. You're up forward, looking aft, and if you'll look closely, you can see the little black and white T.V. above those two blue denim jackets. We served 24 hours a day on the barge because we had to make our departures and arrivals of the boats and the helicopters somewhat random and never show a pattern, so we basically ran a 24 hour mess onboard here. We didn't get the best of food aboard here. When the freighters came from Saigon with the frozen and fresh food, we were the last of 13 stops and there were times when the pickings were pretty bare, but we went on trucking anyway.
Citation: Slide VAS022653, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022653>.
Item Number: VAS022654 (Record 181422)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the Supply Department Office. This was my office. We had about six offices that looked like this, for the Repair Department, for the Operations Department and so forth. This is just a typical office. Up to the left, you'll see some shiny stuff, that's a board where we kept track of what they call the rotatable pool assets. Like the radar sets, the solenoid firing switches for the guns, the radar receivers, the radios because Saigon had a concept that those critical items didn't belong to any one detachment, and that we had to keep tab on how many of which one we had, and be ready at any moment to ship it to another detachment, and there were a lot of hard feelings about this, but that's how we did it off that board there.
Citation: Slide VAS022654, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022654>.
Item Number: VAS022655 (Record 181423)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is one of our PBRs coming full bore. Notice that she's almost completely out of the water. That's called being on step, and the water pumps are sucking in water through a strainer and then using the Jacuzzi pumps blowing it out the back of the boat. The little box on top of the mast is the Raytheon 1900 ND radar, and it had a unique gift. This radar was sensitive enough that it could distinguish logs and trees in the canals and the rivers, and it saved a lot of lives because hitting one of these logs at 40 knots would've pretty much been catastrophic for the boat and the crew. Here she's on the Bassac running 35 knots headed toward the Vinh Te Canal.
Citation: Slide VAS022655, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022655>.
Item Number: VAS022656 (Record 181426)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: I'm going to show you some of the PBRs now being loaded up and I'm going to show you some of the unofficial modifications that we made. The veterans here will notice that these are both the Mark II Boats, and there's several ways to know that. One, the two 50-caliber guns, which are dead center in the picture, are far enough apart that the gunner will sit more or less between them. On the earlier Mark I Boats, the barrels were close together and the gunner sat more behind them than between them. You'll also note the Herculon cover over the barrels being pulled back for maintenance, and you'll notice a big spotlight on the side of the gun. You'd leave this off until the last minute and then turn this on when it was time to shoot. The gun itself could be trained left and right electrically. You'll notice the railings or gunnels. It's a stronger metal and it enables the boat to be picked up out of the water with a crane. The drawback of it is up a canal that's got a lot of leaves and vines, a VC or a North Vietnamese could reach out and lay a live grenade up on that deck and because of that raised lip, the grenade would not roll off the deck and into the water and once the grenade was tossed up there, somebody had to be a hero real quick before everybody got killed. Now, look in the upper left corner of the picture, you'll see what looks like a chair from when you were in the first grade in school, underneath that plastic chair, there's a pedestal made up of four heavy springs and a steel plate. We came up with that ourselves. It drops in behind the two guns and the bow gunner sits on that and it has this for its purposes. If a mine or a grenade goes off under the bow of the boat, that sudden vertical movement could break his back and/or his neck. Sitting on the springs like that, it worked like a shock absorber and it made sure that the bow gunner might get hurt and bruised, but he certainly wasn't going to break any vertebrae or a skull in this.
Citation: Slide VAS022656, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022656>.
Item Number: VAS022657 (Record 181429)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: We're looking down, straight down now actually from the crow's nest of YRBM-16. This is another Mark II Boat; the twin barrels far enough part for a guy to sit between them. This guy has finished up loading now and he's getting ready to time the guns. In the upper right, again, notice the Herculon cover over those gun mounts, and you can also see in the boat closer to you, how all this stuff laying around that front deck comes up against that lip or that gunnel and isn't going to roll over the side unless somebody throws it over the side.
Citation: Slide VAS022657, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022657>.
Item Number: VAS022658 (Record 181430)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is two guys getting ready to fine-tune the twin 50s on a Mark II. I want you to look very carefully at the rear part of each of those guns, and you'll see, standing up, a silver-colored box about the size of a cigarette pack. Those are solenoids, and they can be goosed up and down to either make the guns fire faster or fire slower. We carried 300 rounds per gun on a patrol and depending on the situation, we could either pour a lot of lead in a hurry or if we were low on ammo and wanted to save it, using those solenoids, we could tune the guns downward so that they fired even slower. And again, notice the lip around there, the gunnel. See the little yellow light there in the lower right. That yellow light sits below the gunnel. Keep your eyes open for this when you see it.
Citation: Slide VAS022658, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022658>.
Item Number: VAS022659 (Record 181433)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This slide shows a PBR with a hole in the side. We were still at Nha Be when this picture was taken. A rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) had failed to detonate on the fiberglass hull, passing out the other side, becuase it did not strike the radios. The PBR could travel at over 35 miles per hour, and was a fairly hard target to hit. The small "house" in the middle was called "chiefs' quarters," and the most senior enlisted man in the crew was called the "bleeding petty officer," instead of "leading petty officer."
Citation: Slide VAS022659, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022659>.
Item Number: VAS022660 (Record 181434)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is one of our PBRs being picked up out of the water. She had four pad-eyes on the boat, and we could pick her up and sit this boat on the roof on top of the machine shop. That's why we didn't extend the helicopter pad that far back, because we needed the machine shop to be open to these boats. The shop had a big opening in the roof where we could pull an engine from a PBR, lower it down through the hole and set it on a test stand and we could do most of the other maintenance while the PBR was up top of the machine shop. This was a very critical feature for us.
Citation: Slide VAS022660, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022660>.
Item Number: VAS022661 (Record 181436)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is a PBR that took a mine hit in the Vinh Te Canal. This was our first really catastrophic hit, and our first really big repair job. This boat was hit about five miles from where she is now and had to be rescued under fire and towed back. Look to the left of the hole, now look down and see a red 55-gallon drum. What that is, that's the floats that we used to pick this boat up off the bottom. These drums would be empty and they had a little fitting on them where we could inject Styrofoam. This stuff came out kind of thick like shaving cream, but once it was in the drum, it expanded and it excluded the water and now we have a 55-gallon drum full of Styrofoam like you have on a beer cooler or a coffee cup, and with a couple of these added to the boat's own foam that was inside the hole, we could get her up out of the water pretty fast and then tow her back to YRBM-16 for repairs.
Citation: Slide VAS022661, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022661>.
Item Number: VAS022662 (Record 181439)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the same boat. Now that we've got her down on the chocks. That red drum is on the deck just to the left of her, and that's me sticking my head out of the hole to give you some idea of how big the blast was. If there's any atheists watching this, you've heard the story about no atheists in a foxhole and I'm going to show you why there are no atheists on a river patrol boat either.
Citation: Slide VAS022662, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022662>.
Item Number: VAS022663 (Record 181441)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This again is the same boat. You can see the big hole in the side where the guy in the white t-shirt is. Now, look below the American flag, which we flew when we towed what was left of her down the river. We insisted she show an American flag as we towed her in. Notice the frame for the canopy is bent. It's all bent downward, and what happened was the mine went off about where that white t-shirt is. It blew the starboard diesel out of its mount, into the air, and it came back down through the canopy and landed right next to the coxswain, who's the guy driving the boat. We'll get a better view of that in just a minute.
Citation: Slide VAS022663, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022663>.
Item Number: VAS022664 (Record 181449)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the same boat. We're looking aft now. You can see a guy in a white t-shirt. He's bending over the port engine, which survived. Behind him is an open area with some red down below it. That's where the starboard diesel was. The mine blew it out of the mount, into the air, and you can see the bent canopy frame now, and you can see part of that engine. It's under a red lifejacket, and the engine is kind of a light green. Now, look to the right of the lifejacket, and you'll see a round metal pad. That's the chair where the coxswain was sitting as he drove the boat. That orange is the lifejacket that he had on. The engine came through the canopy, stripped his lifejacket, fell to the deck, and did not hurt him one iota. Again, there's no atheist in a gunboat either.
Citation: Slide VAS022664, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022664>.
Item Number: VAS022665 (Record 181452)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is another view of the same boat. You can see the bent canopy. You can see the orange lifejacket there by the green engine sticking up under the bent canopy, and you can see the black steering wheel of the boat. He was sitting on the little round pad holding that steering wheel when the engine came down through the canopy. No atheists on a gunboat, gentlemen.
Citation: Slide VAS022665, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022665>.
Item Number: VAS022666 (Record 181453)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is to show you some of the boats we did not work with. These are the Swift Boats, called PCF, for patrol craft fast. They worked offshore in an operation called Market Time. I took this at their training school in Coronado, California. These were nice boats, and these guys had a lot of guts because they worked operations where they were going to be the only guys showing up at night with very little support, and this boat actually had less gunfire than a PBR although it was bigger than these. These were some very brave guys.
Citation: Slide VAS022666, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022666>.
Item Number: VAS022667 (Record 181456)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is another type of boat, which YRBM-16 didn't work with, but we saw a lot of. In the Mekong Delta, we had what was called the Mobile Riverine Force, which was Navy gunboats and Army soldiers from the 9th Infantry Division, and most of their boats looked more or less like this one. To point out some specifics, this one and the one to your left of it were field medevac triage stations. You can see on their little helicopter pad, there's a white circle with a red cross, and down below that was an improvised operating room where we could get lines into the guy, get his fluids up, splint any breaking bones that he had and help him get ready for another chopper to take him to a real hospital. And on top, there's a 20mm gun turret. Looks like the old Civil War USS Monitor, and that 20mm gun was a good brush buster. It was a fine asset for these guys. It has thin, steel bars going from side to side and it continues on to your right where those ropes are hanging and inside those wires, you can see some tan colored cardboard boxes. What this was, the stuff you see go inside the side of steel reinforcing bar like a highway crew puts in the concrete and behind it, those are boxes of the C-ration lima beans and canned apricots which nobody wanted and nobody ate. The rebar would cause a rocket propel grenade to detonate without piercing the hole of the boat itself and if the rocket hit on the reinforcing bar and then hit the case of C-ration lima beans, it wasn't going to hurt anybody inside, in-between the bar and the lima beans. It was a pretty good backstop. Also over the stern of the boat, you can see a funny looking chain with some metal pieces. That was for cutting the wires to command detonated bottom-morred mines. It wasn't particularly effective, but it made everybody feel a lot more secure. Each of these boats flew the state flag of the senior enlisted men as well as the United States flag.
Citation: Slide VAS022667, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022667>.
Item Number: VAS022668 (Record 181459)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This little gray ship here was YFR-66, which was commanded by a chief bosun's mate and had about a ten-man crew, and they came up once a week to bring us non-perishable provisions, welding, gas, oxygen, lubricants, ammo, and so forth. The crew lived in the forward part right behind the letters, YFR. You can see the two portholes. They had an air-conditioned bunk room and galley, all in one big room, and the chief petty officer had a sea cabin up there on the bridge. These were good guys. We depended on them greatly. In the close up to you in the lower left, again, you see one of our approximately twenty 50-caliber machine guns, and down there in the water in between us and the YFR is a pontoon, which has some stores that the helicopter people needed uniquely for their jobs. Going back up again, you'll notice the safety net sticking out all the way around the side of the helo pad. This saved a few lives every now and then, especially at night.
Citation: Slide VAS022668, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022668>.
Item Number: VAS022669 (Record 181463)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Here, we see the crew unloading food and repair parts from YFR=66. Supervising the working party is SK1 (SS) Richards, the short, stocky man with the blonde crew-cut. In my entire life, I have never known a better leader. SK1 Richards was the heart and soul of our supply department.
Citation: Slide VAS022669, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022669>.
Item Number: VAS022670 (Record 181464)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This shows you what a PBR looks like when we pick her up out of the water. Notice underneath there, almost to the stern near you, looks like a funny little window with some steel plates in it. That's the intake for the Jacuzzi pump. There's another intake like that a little to your left, and those blades would cut limbs and leaves, etc., and keep them from harming the insides of the Jacuzzi pump and the thrust gate. We could set two of these boats down on the deck above the machine shop, do the whole work up here and lower the engines down through the hatch and work on them in an area that had some fans and a little bit of air-conditioning.
Citation: Slide VAS022670, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022670>.
Item Number: VAS022671 (Record 181465)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the stern of a Mark II PBR. In the boat number are several elements. 31 is the length of the boat (31 feet). RP stands for river patrol. 6780 is the hull number. Generally the crews called the boats by only the last three numbers. This is "Boat 780." The red cable is the control cable for the thrust reversers. Here, the water from the Jacuzzi pumps will blow back under the boat, stopping it in its own length at 15 miles per hour. To go forward, the coxswain (driver) would pull two levers which raised the gates of the thrust reversers, allowing the water to create forward thrust.
Citation: Slide VAS022671, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022671>.
Item Number: VAS022672 (Record 181468)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is one of the Jacuzzi pumps. We took this at Nha Be before we moved out. The forward end of the pump is to your right. Down on the deck where you see those little notches, that's where she bolts to the intake plate. Remember when we looked up and saw those holes with those cutting slits in them, that feeds upward into the flat part here, and there were shims that we could put between the boat and the pump to get the height of this thing exactly the way we wanted, it to run and not leak onto the deck. On the top of it, it looks like a filler cap on a lawnmower or a gasoline engine. That's an inspection cap that served two purposes. You could lift it and look in there at the impeller without having to take the pump apart and also, you could clamp a fire hose to this top inspection port, bring the engine up to idle power on that side and you had a pretty good fire fighting capability if another boat was on fire or if a hooch or a hamlet had a fire, we could pull up there like firemen in rural America and help them put the fire out. And the locals, this is where we first developed some friendships along these rivers and canals, was our fire brigade. Now the far left part of the pump, the round part, that's the bowl is what it was called and the propeller, our impeller, blew the water into that bowl and then out through the nozzles. The far left part of that pump had a little piece that was called the “Bowl barring.” B-o-w-l barring. It was a brass part about the size of a twelve-ounce beer can. The impeller shaft was filled with a special grease called Alvania and then the barring was slipped over the impeller shaft. Early on, these bowl barrings didn't wear particularly well and the Alvania grease was hard to get and onboard YRBM-16 in our machine shop, our repair officer, warrant officer one, Bill Brigman and his guys could take bar stock and actually make a bowl bushing of their own and we never let that secret out to anybody, but Bill Brigman, again, if you're out there watching this, you were an honest to god mechanical genius as was your predecessor, chief warrant officer Matt McClure who was the repair officer when she was mined at Vinh Te. These were the guys that put her back together again.
Citation: Slide VAS022672, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022672>.
Item Number: VAS022673 (Record 181469)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: You're looking down here at the Jacuzzi pump. It's mounted in the boat. The guy in the green t-shirt at the bottom, he's tightening up the driveshaft from the diesel engine, and you can see that combination inspection cap and hose coupling on the top. It's open now so you can just barely see the impeller down through that hole. The guy in the denim, has his legs over the bowl part of the pump. What they're doing there, they're connecting this to the diesel engine and then making sure that the shims are tight, and to their right, you'll see a big olive drab box, looks like a car muffler standing on its side, and that's what it is. We had a huge muffler on each side of the boat for each of the diesels and the exhaust blew out under water. Because of the muffler and the underwater exhaust, at 5 knots on calm water, you could not hear this boat from above the surface of the water. You actually had to look at the tachometers to see what the engines were doing.
Citation: Slide VAS022673, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022673>.
Item Number: VAS022674 (Record 181471)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is a slide of our Huey gun ships that we had onboard. These were B, or Bravo model Hueys that the Army let the Navy have after thousands of hours on them, and the fact that the Seawolves did their job with these old birds again is testimony to their dedication and their skills. Every one of us had his life saved at least once a month by these guys. I would never let one of these guys buy his own drink at a reunion because they sure saved mine. This was not taken with a telephoto. This was the normal lens that came with the Pentax and it'll give you an idea of how close in these guys worked when there was trouble.
Citation: Slide VAS022674, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022674>.
Item Number: VAS022675 (Record 181476)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the same Huey as it went over on a rocket run. This helicopter carried seven rockets on each side and each rocket was the equivalent of a round from a 105mm howitzer, so if times got tough, you had the equivalent of calling in an artillery barrage of 14 rounds from a 105mm howitzer, and these guys were accurate. The Huey had a rocket sight, but the sight only worked at 3 degrees nose down and a speed of exactly 80 knots, and after a while, the bad guys found about this and learned just exactly how to lead the Huey when it looked like it was on a rocket run. The fact that these guys continued rocket runs when they knew the bad guys knew how to sight in on, was again, a testimony to the bravery of the Navy Seawolves.
Citation: Slide VAS022675, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022675>.
Item Number: VAS022676 (Record 181477)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is one of our Hueys taken at Nha Be and you'll notice in front of the nose there, a black box and on the left side of it, you see an olive green soup can. I wasn't supposed to take this picture in 1968. I almost got an Article Fifteen for doing this. This is the night television that the Seawolves were testing out for the first time. This thing is on a mount where it can not only look forward and side to side, it can also look straight down and it has a little rail that lets the whole thing pivot under the helicopter so that the pilot in the left seat could actually see below and behind the helicopter and here's why they needed that.
Citation: Slide VAS022676, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022676>.
Item Number: VAS022677 (Record 181478)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Here's this T.V set. It's on the left side there kind of right up against the vent window, and the officer pilot in the left seat watched that screen while the guy on the right seat flew the attack.
Citation: Slide VAS022677, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022677>.
Item Number: VAS022678 (Record 181480)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the armament that he was aiming with the night site television. The rockets were fired on a different sight by the guy on the right-hand seat. The guy in the left hand seat with the T.V camera could cause this outboard 7.62mm Gatling gun to shoot forward, down, and aft, watching the target on the T.V. And what these guys would do, they would use another helicopter with all these lights blinking as a decoy. These guys would come in with no lights blinking and spot where the gunfire was coming from, then they would fly over this thing and the bad guys thought that the second helicopter had over-flown then, but what they were really doing was they had the camera down under the Huey looking straight back and the guns pivoting back, and as these guys looked like they were going away, they sprayed the bad guys with about 5000 rounds a minute from each gun. It was normally fatal. This was a very proven technique.
Citation: Slide VAS022678, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022678>.
Item Number: VAS022679 (Record 181482)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the inside of the same helicopter from the back. You can see right below the right of the door, the little feed tube coming out with the ammunition, and that feed tube leads to an ammo box, which is on the firewall in the back, kind of dead center. You can also see some orange life vests, which actually were sat on rather than worn. You can also, on the floor there, you can see about a half dozen M-60 machine gun barrels and this shows you the rate at which these guys fired during a firefight. They might have to change four barrels on their M-60 door guns in one firefight. That's how intense this stuff was.
Citation: Slide VAS022679, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022679>.
Item Number: VAS022680 (Record 181483)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the Bassac River the way it normally looked to us at Chau Doc. We generally stayed about two or three miles downstream of the city of Chau Doc looking straight up so that if our boats had to run the other way toward the canal entrance at Long Xuyen, we could get our boats down there just as easily.
Citation: Slide VAS022680, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022680>.
Item Number: VAS022681 (Record 181486)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is a remote base along the Vinh Te Canal that was used by these mercenaries called Nungs. They were Chinese and were hired and they worked with some Army Rangers in green berets on ambush and kidnapping assignments. If you'll look past the palm trees above and to the right of the hooch, you'll see a galvanized steel building back there. All I know about that building is that I wasn't supposed to know about that building.
Citation: Slide VAS022681, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022681>.
Item Number: VAS022682 (Record 181490)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: I'm going to show you some typical boats that came along side us on YRBM-16 and remember, we all had in our minds what happened the previous Thanksgiving when some innocent looking person attached a mine to YRBM-16 and killed a bunch of people, so we were pretty alert when any of these boats were going by. This is right after the rainy season. You don't see any canal bank; the water's right up to the vegetation, and this is a very typical water bus here. It carried about eight passengers. Up on top, you can see those shiny silver cans of nuoc mam, this fish sauce that they would sell in the marketplace, and all the way to the right was a five-horsepower, two-cycle gasoline engine with a direct link to a propeller shaft, and the guy put the blade in the water and used it to propel and steer the boat. And believe it or not, with a light load on board, one of these guys could outrun a PBR. He couldn't outrun the M-60 or the 50-caliber guns, but he could outrun a PBR on calm water. First, the boat's really deep in the water. It's loaded very heavily and can what we see account for that much weight. Also, can you see everybody's hands? Is anybody holding anything or appear uncomfortable because they're sitting on anything and you had to ask this question constantly because the decision on whether to open fire or let them pass was very quick and if you shot these guys, a board of inquiry was going to take months to look at a decision you had to make instantly. This was very scary for twenty-two and twenty three year old Lieutenants Junior Grade.
Citation: Slide VAS022682, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022682>.
Item Number: VAS022683 (Record 181491)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is another boat, and this is a little more scary. This has a covered-over little house on it. We can see a guy sitting in the forward opening. We can see a window toward the stern that's halfway open, and we don't know what's inside these windows. Notice the bow of this boat is way down. It's not a stable, well-distributed, load and it's very heavy for most of the boats of this type. So, once again, we've got to make a decision here.
Citation: Slide VAS022683, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022683>.
Item Number: VAS022684 (Record 181493)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the last of the typical boats. This is a little guy that would come by once in a while, and he'd always be down by the stern, and we couldn't figure out why the first time, so we had a boat stop him and check with him, and he had two twelve-volt car batteries that he used for lighting in his little hooch, and he would come in every other week to Chau Doc to get the twelve-volt batteries charged. He was so poor that he had to paddle this thing back to his hooch, and you'll notice he's wearing a turban. Here's where the Indo part of the Indochinese culture comes in. These guys were Muslims and they were righteous folks, dependable, honest.
Citation: Slide VAS022684, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022684>.
Item Number: VAS022685 (Record 181495)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Here's their local mosque. This is Mesjed Azamak. We shot this with a Pentax at about three hundred feet, hanging out the door.
Citation: Slide VAS022685, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022685>.
Item Number: VAS022686 (Record 181496)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Here's another shot of the mosque and again, these guys were just into Cambodia, righteous, honest people, loved working with them. Here's some countryside.
Citation: Slide VAS022686, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022686>.
Item Number: VAS022687 (Record 181501)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: The fish traps that you see are nets lowered into the water. That funny tripod poking up and slightly to the right is a counterweight, and you raised the net by walking up the counterweight. On a narrow canal, if these guys don't like you, and they drop those in front of you and behind you, you're in serious trouble. This is a little bit after the rainy season. You'll look at the stilts that the houses are on, and you'll see about eight to ten feet of airspace there below the hooches. At the height of monsoon, these people have water on their floors, and at the last of the dry season, they'll be twenty-two feet above the water level. Running up a very narrow canal whose banks are twenty-two feet high will again, cure the atheists in the boat. This is really scary stuff.
Citation: Slide VAS022687, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022687>.
Item Number: VAS022688 (Record 181502)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Again, there's the same trap raised up out of the water.
Citation: Slide VAS022688, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022688>.
Item Number: VAS022689 (Record 181507)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is the countryside along the Bassac River; lush, green, beautiful.
Citation: Slide VAS022689, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022689>.
Item Number: VAS022690 (Record 181509)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Again, lush and green.
Citation: Slide VAS022690, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022690>.
Item Number: VAS022691 (Record 181510)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Lush and green. This is a rice farmer who's going to put an amazing amount of rice in that little boat on the left and again, this is right after the monsoon. You can see the canal bank there.
Citation: Slide VAS022691, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022691>.
Item Number: VAS022692 (Record 181511)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Citation: Slide VAS022692, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022692>.
Item Number: VAS022693 (Record 181512)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Same area, again, lush, green, beautiful. This was from the crow's nest of YRBM-16.
Citation: Slide VAS022693, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022693>.
Item Number: VAS022694 (Record 181513)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This is Nui Sam, the only mountain in the Mekong Delta. It was on the Vinh Te Canal a little south of the Bassac and on the near side of the Vinh Te Canal. The mountains in the distance are the Seven Sisters in Cambodia.
Citation: Slide VAS022694, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022694>.
Item Number: VAS022695 (Record 181514)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Again, lush and green.
Citation: Slide VAS022695, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022695>.
Item Number: VAS022696 (Record 181515)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: Again, lush and green. Water mark high here. Look above and to the left of the little boat, this guy had a fishing pier and the fishing pier is under water as the river level subsides. And again, look at the lush, green area. This place, without a war, would be the sportsman's paradise.
Citation: Slide VAS022696, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022696>.
Item Number: VAS022697 (Record 181518)
Collection: Edwin L. Oswald Collection
Description: This little guy is the son of a Vietnamese Navy Officer. That's who owns the boots and the fatigue uniforms there, and we're here to give him something that we had as children. We want this guy to grow up and take his rice to market and not have to give half to somebody else, get him a little Honda motor scooter, get him a nice T.V., and we're there to protect him. These are the guys that were going to grow up and be little lieutenants like we were in 1968 and '69. It was a privilege to work with these people. They were nothing like the city dwellers in Saigon or Can Tho. These were marvelous people that just wanted to catch fish, grow rice, and raise families, and it was a privilege working with them, and I hope you've enjoyed the slide. This was YRBM-16 from early 1968 till the summer of 1969.
Citation: Slide VAS022697, No Date, Edwin L. Oswald Collection, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University. Accessed 19 May. 2013. <http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=VAS022697>.